Leo Tolstoy

In 1903, Chesterton published a little book together with G.H. Perris and Edward Garnett, about Count Tolstoy. The book consists of three essays, the first one written by Chesterton. Furthermore, there are numerous illustrations, mostly copies of old pictures of Tolstoy and his family, and a biographical note about Tolstoy's life.
At the time of publication, Tolstoy was still living. Chesterton had written earlier about Tolstoy, in 'Twelve Types'. In this essay, he explores Tolstoy's simplicity and consistency further, using the illustration of the Doukhabors (see below).
As Chesterton does frequently, he uses the subject of his essay as a starting point on a more general discussion. In this case, he discusses fanaticism, which can be based on every premise (not solely on Christianity), as long as that premise is consistently thought trough and applied to all areas of life.
Chesterton concludes with a paragraph about mysticism (a quality that Tolstoy lacks):

In the main, and from the beginning of time, mysticism has kept men sane. The thing that has driven them mad was logic. [-] The only thing that has kept the race of men from the mad extremes of the convent and the pirate-galley, the night-club and the lethal chamber, has been mysticism - the belief that logic is misleading, and that things are not what they seem.