'But you and all the kind of Christ
Are ignorant and brave,
And you have wars you hardly win
And souls you hardly save.'
The ballad of the white horse

Wednesday, July 20, 2011

Specialization

I have noticed before that Chesterton tends to oppose specialization; in the first sections of part III of 'What's wrong with the world' I found some reasons he does so. Some examples:
Fire does not exist only to warm people. 'It exists to warm people, to light their darkness, to raise their spirits, to toast their muffins, to air their rooms, to cook their chestnuts, to tell stories to their children, to make checkered shadows on their walls, to boil their hurried kettles, and to be the red heart of a man's house and that hearth for which, as the great heathens said, a man should die.' If this multi-purpose fire is replaced by various substitutes, such as central heating for heat, and electric bulbs for light, we will multiply appliances that only have one specific use, but we will lose some of the purposes of the fire (if only the place where Santa brings the presents).
Religion also used to be a 'maid-of-all-work', who 'taught logic to the student and told fairy tales to the children'. In the modern world, some of her functions have branched off in various sterile subjects: art, ethics, cosmology, psychology, etc.
Now Chesterton does realize the importance, in this world, of specialists. Engineers, tradesmen, etc all need to excel in their own work, they need to be competitive. Chesterton, however, sees this in some ways as an impoverishment: we lose the 'homo universalis'. In his view, women in our society, as the ones protected from the need to specialize, still have the possibility to be universal and not specialized. In their houses, they can be the 'Jack-of-all-trades'. She will, perhaps, not be a great cook, but she'll be better than her specialized husband. In addition to this, she will be a better story-teller than a first-class cook, she will be a house-decorator, a dressmaker, a schoolmistress. 'She should not have one trade but twenty hobbies; she, unlike the man, may develop all her second-bests.'
Chesterton continues the argument by stating that by staying at home, the woman will not be narrowed, but instead be broadened. 'How can it be a large career to tell other people's children about the Rule of Three, and a small career to tell one's own children about the universe?'
I do wonder if this still applies in our modern world: children will be at school from six years old (if not earlier), dresses are bought in stores instead of made at home, modern kitchen appliances and conveniences save hours and hours of work. Personally, I could not imagine what I would do with myself the whole day if I did not have a (part-time) job.

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